Nonmetals & Halogens
The right side of the Periodic Table consists of nonmetals and halogens, and also noble gases. They are located left of the stair-step line(metalloids). Many of the nonmetals and halogens are gases or network solids. Except for Bromine which is a liquid at room temperature. The elements in the two groups are brittle and lack luster, they appear dull. Both groups have high ionization energy and electronegativity values. They are poor conductors of electricity and heat, and tend to gain electrons, becoming negative ions in the process. The radius size becomes larger as the elements gain the electrons. The nonmetals consist of Carbon(C), Nitrogen(N), Oxygen(O), Phosphorus(P), Sulfur(S), and Selenium(Se). The halogens are composed of Fluorine(F), Chlorine(Cl), Bromine(Br), Iodine(I), and Astatine(At). Even though Hydrogen is located on top of group 1, the alkali metals, it is considered a nonmetal.
Information about Nonmetals
Hydrogen(H) is the very first element of the Periodic Table. It is the most abundant and lightest element. [Ionization energy: 1312 kJ/mol; electronegativity: 2.2; and atomic radius: 32pm.*] Hydrogen is almost everywhere. Some examples are the Sun, a toy hydrogen rocket launcher, and the Hindenburg, which was a hydrogen filled German passenger airship that set on fire in 1937. The element Hydrogen is constantly in the gas state.
Carbon(C) is element #6 and is one of the most important elements. [Ionization energy: 1086 kJ/mol; electronegativity: 2.6; and atomic radius: 75pm.*] Examples of carbon are graphite in pencils, coal, carbon-filament lamp, and diamonds.
Nitrogen(N) is element #7 and makes up most of the air we breath. It makes up 78% of the air around the globe. It can also be found in wine keeper tanks, beer foaming balls, and nitroglycerine tablets/pills to treat chest pain.
Oxygen(O) is element #8 and is needed for us to breath the air. It makes up around 21% of air. It is found in portable oxygen tanks and emergency oxygen bags. It is essential for us to live every day.
Phosphorus(P) is element #15 and comes in white (which is extremely dangerous), red, black(rare), and violet (a mixture of red and black). The red is the most common form of phosphorus. The element can be found in matches of all sorts. Kitchen matches, waterproof matches, and match blocks.
Sulfur(S) is element #16 and is one of the few elements that can be found pure in nature. It's really smelly in powder, as a solid, and in reactions! Sulfur is an ingredient in gunpowder. It can also be found in onions, garlic, horse penicillin and dusting sulfur for gardens.
Selenium(Se) is element #34 and was used in the early days of photography. It was used at toner for photos. It is also used in shampoo, Brazil nuts, photocopier drums, and rectifiers (used to convert AC to DC).
* Information from Reference Tables: 2011 edition NY
Hydrogen(H) is the very first element of the Periodic Table. It is the most abundant and lightest element. [Ionization energy: 1312 kJ/mol; electronegativity: 2.2; and atomic radius: 32pm.*] Hydrogen is almost everywhere. Some examples are the Sun, a toy hydrogen rocket launcher, and the Hindenburg, which was a hydrogen filled German passenger airship that set on fire in 1937. The element Hydrogen is constantly in the gas state.
Carbon(C) is element #6 and is one of the most important elements. [Ionization energy: 1086 kJ/mol; electronegativity: 2.6; and atomic radius: 75pm.*] Examples of carbon are graphite in pencils, coal, carbon-filament lamp, and diamonds.
Nitrogen(N) is element #7 and makes up most of the air we breath. It makes up 78% of the air around the globe. It can also be found in wine keeper tanks, beer foaming balls, and nitroglycerine tablets/pills to treat chest pain.
Oxygen(O) is element #8 and is needed for us to breath the air. It makes up around 21% of air. It is found in portable oxygen tanks and emergency oxygen bags. It is essential for us to live every day.
Phosphorus(P) is element #15 and comes in white (which is extremely dangerous), red, black(rare), and violet (a mixture of red and black). The red is the most common form of phosphorus. The element can be found in matches of all sorts. Kitchen matches, waterproof matches, and match blocks.
Sulfur(S) is element #16 and is one of the few elements that can be found pure in nature. It's really smelly in powder, as a solid, and in reactions! Sulfur is an ingredient in gunpowder. It can also be found in onions, garlic, horse penicillin and dusting sulfur for gardens.
Selenium(Se) is element #34 and was used in the early days of photography. It was used at toner for photos. It is also used in shampoo, Brazil nuts, photocopier drums, and rectifiers (used to convert AC to DC).
* Information from Reference Tables: 2011 edition NY
Information about Halogens
Fluorine(F) is element #9 and is the most reactive of all the elements. The most stable form of fluorine is teflon. The element is also used in toothpaste, teflon washers, gore-tex suture and florical tablets to prevent tooth decay.
Chlorine(Cl) is element #17 and was used to kill soldiers by using it as a gas during World War I. It is now used in table salt, bleach, Himalayan sea salt, salt horse block (for horses to lick), and ice melter. Inhaling chlorine in its pure gas form in large amounts is deadly.
Bromine(Br) is element #35 and is a liquid at room temperature. It mostly forms ions that make salt, or disinfectant in hot tubs. It is also used in flame-retardant pajamas and in Mountain Dew.
Iodine(I) is element #53 and is a solid at room temperature. It is used as a veterinary disinfectant and is used as a contrast agent in CT scans of the heart. Iodine is also used as gastrografin, iodine swab, and Iodigum.
Astatine(At) is element #85 and is radioactive. This element ends the group of halogens, group 17.
Fluorine(F) is element #9 and is the most reactive of all the elements. The most stable form of fluorine is teflon. The element is also used in toothpaste, teflon washers, gore-tex suture and florical tablets to prevent tooth decay.
Chlorine(Cl) is element #17 and was used to kill soldiers by using it as a gas during World War I. It is now used in table salt, bleach, Himalayan sea salt, salt horse block (for horses to lick), and ice melter. Inhaling chlorine in its pure gas form in large amounts is deadly.
Bromine(Br) is element #35 and is a liquid at room temperature. It mostly forms ions that make salt, or disinfectant in hot tubs. It is also used in flame-retardant pajamas and in Mountain Dew.
Iodine(I) is element #53 and is a solid at room temperature. It is used as a veterinary disinfectant and is used as a contrast agent in CT scans of the heart. Iodine is also used as gastrografin, iodine swab, and Iodigum.
Astatine(At) is element #85 and is radioactive. This element ends the group of halogens, group 17.